@prefix : . @prefix dul: . @prefix nao: . @prefix nco: . @prefix owl: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix xml: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix iptc: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix skos: . @prefix swrl: . @prefix time: . @prefix swrla: . @prefix swrlb: . @prefix terms: . @prefix prov: . @prefix schema: . @base . rdf:type owl:Ontology ; owl:versionIRI ; owl:sameAs ; owl:imports , ; terms:title "News Classification Ontology (NCO)"@en ; rdfs:comment """The News Classification Ontology (NCO) v1.4.3. It defines the concepts needed to discuss news coverage. These concepts include Entities, Events, Situations, Categorical Topics, Claims and Viewpoints. Preferred prefix is `nco: `."""@en , "We import SKOS, TimeOntology"@en ; schema:author "Enrico Motta","Enrico Daga","Aldo Gangemi"; terms:creator "Enrico Motta","Enrico Daga","Aldo Gangemi"; prov:informedBy """Motta, Enrico, Enrico Daga, Andreas L. Opdahl, and Bjørnar Tessem. "Analysis and design of computational news angles." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 120613-120626."""; prov:generatedBy ; rdfs:label "News Classification Ontology (NCO)"@en ; terms:licence "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"; terms:rights """

News Classification Ontology by Enrico Motta, Enrico Daga, Aldo Gangemi is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International

"""^^rdf:HTML. ################################################################# # Annotation properties ################################################################# ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor terms:contributor rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/licence terms:licence rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/rights terms:rights rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/created terms:created rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator terms:creator rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/description terms:description rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/isVersionOf terms:isVersionOf rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/license terms:license rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified terms:modified rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/rights terms:rights rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/title terms:title rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/3.3/swrla.owl#isRuleEnabled swrla:isRuleEnabled rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#pattern xsd:pattern rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ################################################################# # Datatypes ################################################################# ### http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date xsd:date rdf:type rdfs:Datatype . ### http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#duration xsd:duration rdf:type rdfs:Datatype . ### http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gDay xsd:gDay rdf:type rdfs:Datatype . ### http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gMonth xsd:gMonth rdf:type rdfs:Datatype . ### http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gYear xsd:gYear rdf:type rdfs:Datatype . ### http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gYearMonth xsd:gYearMonth rdf:type rdfs:Datatype . ################################################################# # Object Properties ################################################################# ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#characterisedBy nco:characterisedBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf nco:characterises ; rdfs:label "characterised by"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#characterises nco:characterises rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain nco:Description ; rdfs:range nco:Situation ; rdfs:comment "This is the main relation linking descriptions to situations. A description provides an interpretation of a situation."@en ; rdfs:label "characterises"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#claimInNewsItem nco:claimInNewsItem rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf nco:inNewsItem ; owl:inverseOf nco:hasClaim ; rdfs:domain nco:Claim ; rdfs:range nco:NewsItem . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#concernsTopic nco:concernsTopic rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain nco:Claim ; rdfs:range nco:Topic ; rdfs:comment "A claim is something that concerns a topic. The property concernsTopic is used to express this relation" ; rdfs:label "concerns topic"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#dependsOn nco:dependsOn rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf nco:preconditionFor ; rdf:type owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:domain nco:EventOrSituation ; rdfs:range nco:EventOrSituation ; rdfs:label "depends on"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#eventDependsOn nco:eventDependsOn rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf nco:dependsOn ; owl:inverseOf nco:preconditionForEvent ; rdfs:domain nco:Event ; rdfs:range nco:EventOrSituation ; rdfs:comment "range is {Event OR Situation}"@en ; rdfs:label "event depends on"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#hasAgent nco:hasAgent rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( nco:AgentComponent nco:Claim ) ] ; rdfs:range nco:Agent ; rdfs:label "has agent"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#hasAgentComponent nco:hasAgentComponent rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain nco:Event ; rdfs:range nco:AgentComponent ; rdfs:label "has agent component"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#hasAgentRole nco:hasAgentRole rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain nco:AgentComponent ; rdfs:range nco:AgentRole ; rdfs:label "has agent role"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#hasAspect nco:hasAspect rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf nco:isAspectOf ; rdfs:domain nco:Entity ; rdfs:range nco:Aspect ; rdfs:comment "Connects an entity to its aspects - e.g., the financial status of an individual"@en ; rdfs:label "has aspect"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#hasClaim nco:hasClaim rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain nco:NewsItem ; rdfs:range nco:Claim ; rdfs:comment "Captures the relation between a news item and a claim expressed by an agent, which is reported in the news item in question"@en ; rdfs:label "has claim"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#hasElement nco:hasElement rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf nco:isElementOf ; rdfs:domain nco:Collection ; rdfs:range owl:Thing ; owl:propertyChainAxiom ( nco:hasUnifyingFactor nco:ufSatisfiedBy ) ; rdfs:label "has element"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#hasJustification nco:hasJustification rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf nco:isJustificationOf ; rdfs:domain nco:Claim ; rdfs:range nco:Justification ; rdfs:label "has justification"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#hasLocation nco:hasLocation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain nco:Event ; rdfs:range nco:Location ; rdfs:label "has location"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#hasOmittedEvent nco:hasOmittedEvent rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf nco:isOmittedEventOf ; rdfs:domain nco:OmissionEvent ; rdfs:range nco:Event ; rdfs:comment "captures the relation between an OmissionEvent and the event that has not been carried out - e.g., a soldier's failure to carry out an order"@en ; rdfs:label "has omitted event"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#hasPrediction nco:hasPrediction rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain nco:PredictionEvent ; rdfs:range nco:EventOrSituation ; rdfs:comment "captures the relation between a PredictionEvent and the event that has been predicted - forecasting an eruption"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#hasSubEvent nco:hasSubEvent rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf nco:preconditionForEvent ; owl:inverseOf nco:subEventOf ; rdf:type owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:domain nco:Event ; rdfs:range nco:Event ; rdfs:label "has subevent"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#hasSubTopic nco:hasSubTopic rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf skos:narrowerTransitive ; owl:inverseOf nco:subTopicOf ; rdf:type owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:domain nco:Topic ; rdfs:range nco:Topic ; rdfs:comment "This property captures hierarchical relations between topics – e.g., as expressed in the IPTC NewsCodes taxonomy"@en ; rdfs:label "has subtopic"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#hasTime nco:hasTime rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf time:hasTime ; owl:inverseOf nco:isTimeOf ; rdfs:domain nco:EventOrSituation ; rdfs:range time:TemporalEntity ; owl:propertyChainAxiom ( nco:isOmittedEventOf nco:hasTime ) ; rdfs:label "has time"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#hasTopic nco:hasTopic rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf nco:topicInNewsItem ; rdfs:domain nco:NewsItem ; rdfs:range nco:Topic ; owl:propertyChainAxiom ( nco:hasTopic nco:subTopicOf ) , ( nco:hasTopic nco:topicRoleOf nco:isAspectOf nco:topicRole ) , ( nco:hasTopic nco:topicRoleOf nco:isClaimOf nco:topicRole ) , ( nco:hasTopic nco:topicRoleOf nco:object nco:topicRole ) , ( nco:hasTopic nco:topicRoleOf nco:predicate nco:topicRole ) , ( nco:hasTopic nco:topicRoleOf nco:subject nco:topicRole ) . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#hasUnifyingFactor nco:hasUnifyingFactor rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf nco:isUnifyingFactorOf ; rdfs:domain nco:Collection ; rdfs:range nco:UnifyingFactor ; rdfs:comment "Relates a collection to the associated unifying factor"@en ; rdfs:label "has unifying factor"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#hasViewpoint nco:hasViewpoint rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf nco:viewpointInNewsItem ; rdfs:domain nco:NewsItem ; rdfs:range nco:Viewpoint ; owl:propertyChainAxiom ( nco:hasClaim nco:isClaimOf ) ; rdfs:comment "Relates a news item to a viewpoint, say ?v, expressed in the news item in question. Normally this relation is not asserted but inferred on the basis of a claim, say ?c, appearing in the news item, where ?c is an element of ?v"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#inNewsItem nco:inNewsItem rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "in news item"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#includesClaim nco:includesClaim rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf nco:hasElement ; owl:inverseOf nco:isClaimOf ; rdfs:domain nco:Viewpoint ; rdfs:range nco:Claim ; rdfs:comment "A specialization of hasElement that is used to relate a claim to the viewpoint that includes it"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#isAspectOf nco:isAspectOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain nco:Aspect ; rdfs:range owl:Thing ; rdfs:label "is aspect of"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#isClaimOf nco:isClaimOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf nco:isElementOf ; rdfs:label "is claim of"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#isElementOf nco:isElementOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain owl:Thing ; rdfs:range nco:Collection ; rdfs:label "is element of"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#isJustificationOf nco:isJustificationOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#isOmittedEventOf nco:isOmittedEventOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#isTimeOf nco:isTimeOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#isUnifyingFactorOf nco:isUnifyingFactorOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "is unifying factor of"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#object nco:object rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain nco:Statement ; rdfs:range owl:Thing . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#preconditionFor nco:preconditionFor rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:domain nco:EventOrSituation ; rdfs:range nco:EventOrSituation ; rdfs:label "precondition for"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#preconditionForEvent nco:preconditionForEvent rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf nco:preconditionFor ; rdfs:domain nco:EventOrSituation ; rdfs:range nco:Event ; rdfs:label "precondition for event"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#predicate nco:predicate rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain nco:Statement ; rdfs:range nco:Predicate . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#satisfiesUf nco:satisfiesUf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf nco:ufSatisfiedBy ; rdfs:domain [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:isElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom nco:Collection ] ; rdfs:range nco:UnifyingFactor ; owl:propertyChainAxiom ( nco:isElementOf nco:hasUnifyingFactor ) ; rdfs:comment "An element can be part of a collection if and only if it satisfies the relevant unifying factor. This relation captures the relation between the element in a collection and the relevant unifying factor. In general, we expect instances of class Collection to specify this relation in domain-dependent ways"@en ; rdfs:label "satisfies"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#subEventOf nco:subEventOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf nco:eventDependsOn ; rdfs:domain nco:Event ; rdfs:range nco:Event ; rdfs:comment "Captures hierarchical relations between events - e.g., the event \"verdict\" in a trial is a subEventOf of a broader \"trial\" event"@en ; rdfs:label "is subevent of"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#subTopicOf nco:subTopicOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf skos:broaderTransitive ; rdf:type owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:domain nco:Topic ; rdfs:range nco:Topic ; rdfs:label "subtopic of"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#subject nco:subject rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain nco:Statement ; rdfs:range owl:Thing . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#topicInNewsItem nco:topicInNewsItem rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf nco:inNewsItem ; rdfs:domain nco:Topic ; rdfs:range nco:NewsItem . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#topicRole nco:topicRole rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf nco:topicRoleOf ; rdf:type owl:FunctionalProperty , owl:InverseFunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain owl:Thing ; rdfs:range nco:Topic ; rdfs:comment "It is essential to distinguish an entity, e.g., the individual J.F. Kennedy, from the associated topic, e.g., T_J.F. Kennedy. These are two different ontological objects with very different properties. For instance, while the time span of J.F. Kennedy the person was 1917-1963, the time span of the associated topic continued after his death. More in general, this relation is needed every time an individual in our knowledge base, which is not ontologically a topic (e.g., a person, an event, a statement, etc.) plays the role of a topic in the model."@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#topicRoleOf nco:topicRoleOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty , owl:InverseFunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain nco:Topic ; rdfs:range owl:Thing ; rdfs:comment "A given topic role is played by one and only thing."@en ; rdfs:label "is topic role of"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#ufSatisfiedBy nco:ufSatisfiedBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "satisfied by"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#viewpointInNewsItem nco:viewpointInNewsItem rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf nco:inNewsItem ; rdfs:domain nco:Viewpoint ; rdfs:range nco:NewsItem . ### http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedProperty owl:annotatedProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedSource owl:annotatedSource rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedTarget owl:annotatedTarget rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2006/time#intervalBefore time:intervalBefore owl:propertyChainAxiom ( nco:isTimeOf nco:hasPrediction nco:hasTime ) . ################################################################# # Classes ################################################################# ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#Agent nco:Agent rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf nco:Entity ; rdfs:label "Agent"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#AgentComponent nco:AgentComponent rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:hasAgent ; owl:allValuesFrom nco:Agent ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:hasAgentRole ; owl:allValuesFrom nco:AgentRole ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:hasAgentRole ; owl:maxQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onClass nco:AgentRole ] ; rdfs:label "Agent component"@en ; rdfs:seeAlso "nao:AgentComponent" . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#AgentRole nco:AgentRole rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Agent role"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#Aspect nco:Aspect rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The notion of entity aspect discussed here is related to the second level of agenda setting theory, which deals with the salience of the attributes of the entities that are the focus of attention in the media (McCombs et al., 2014)"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#CategoricalTopic nco:CategoricalTopic rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf nco:Topic ; rdfs:comment "A Categorical Topic is a broad topic for discussion and journalistic analysis that tends to be generally relevant and newsworthy. Such topics include social, economic and political issues, such as crime, poverty, taxation, finances, economic, foreign and defence policies, immigration, party politics, and many others. Broad taxonomies for journalism, such as the IPTC Media Topic NewsCodes, tend to focus on categorical topics"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#Claim nco:Claim rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf nco:Statement , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:claimInNewsItem ; owl:someValuesFrom nco:NewsItem ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:concernsTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom nco:Topic ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:hasAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom nco:Agent ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:claimInNewsItem ; owl:allValuesFrom nco:NewsItem ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:concernsTopic ; owl:allValuesFrom nco:Topic ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:hasAgent ; owl:allValuesFrom nco:Agent ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:hasJustification ; owl:allValuesFrom nco:Justification ] ; rdfs:comment "A claim is characterised in this ontology as a reified statement"@en ; rdfs:label "Claim"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#Collection nco:Collection rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:hasUnifyingFactor ; owl:allValuesFrom nco:UnifyingFactor ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:hasUnifyingFactor ; owl:maxQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onClass nco:UnifyingFactor ] ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( nco:CollectionOfEvents nco:Description nco:Situation nco:Viewpoint ) ; rdfs:comment "Membership of a Collection is predicated on meeting the conditions associated with the associated unifying factor (Carriero et al., 2021)."@en ; rdfs:label "Collection"@en ; rdfs:seeAlso "Class Collection in Dolce D0, dul:Collection"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#CollectionOfEvents nco:CollectionOfEvents rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf nco:Collection , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:hasElement ; owl:allValuesFrom nco:Event ] ; rdfs:label "Collection of events"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#Description nco:Description rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf nco:Collection , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:characterises ; owl:allValuesFrom nco:Situation ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:hasElement ; owl:allValuesFrom nco:Statement ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:characterises ; owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onClass nco:Situation ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:hasElement ; owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onClass nco:Statement ] ; rdfs:comment "Like a Situation, a Description is also characterised as a Collection of Statements"@en ; rdfs:label "Description"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#Entity nco:Entity rdf:type owl:Class . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#Event nco:Event rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf nco:EventOrSituation , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:hasAgent ; owl:allValuesFrom nco:AgentComponent ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:hasLocation ; owl:allValuesFrom nco:Location ] ; rdfs:comment "The notion of Event in NCO is based on the one used by the News Angle Ontology (Motta et al., 2020), which is in turn based on the Simple Event Model (van Hage et al., 2011). An event in this model is characterised in terms of time, location and the actors involved in the event. The relation between events and actors is mediated by actor components, which specify the role played by the actor in question in the event."@en ; rdfs:label "Event"@en ; rdfs:seeAlso "nao:Event" . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#EventOrSituation nco:EventOrSituation rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( nco:Event nco:Situation ) ] ; rdfs:comment "A pragmatic class to avoid having to refer to the union of Event and Situation in several expressions"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#Justification nco:Justification rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:comment "Class Justification refers to the justification for a claim. Because this ontology focuses on news classification rather than argumentation, the definition here is simply a placeholder and is not further elaborated"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#Location nco:Location rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Location"@en ; rdfs:seeAlso "dul:Location" . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#NegativeEvent nco:NegativeEvent rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf nco:Event ; rdfs:label "Negative event"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#NewsItem nco:NewsItem rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; rdfs:label "News item"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#OmissionEvent nco:OmissionEvent rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf [ owl:intersectionOf ( nco:NegativeEvent [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:hasOmittedEvent ; owl:allValuesFrom nco:Event ] [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:hasOmittedEvent ; owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onClass nco:Event ] ) ; rdf:type owl:Class ] ; rdfs:comment """An OmissionEvent is an event capturing an expression of agency realised by not carrying out an event that was expected of the agent in question – see Payton, J.D. (2018). How to identify negative actions with positive events. Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 96(1), pp. 87-101. Following Payton, we impose the constraint that the time of the omitted event is the same as the one associated with the omission event. That is, OmissionEvent(?ev1) ^ :hasOmittedEvent(?ev1, ?ev2) ^ :hasTime(?ev1, ?t1) -> :hasTime(?ev2, ?t1) This is expressed by means of a property chain specialising property :hasTime"""@en ; rdfs:label "Omission event"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#Predicate nco:Predicate rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "This is a metaclass whose instances play the role of a predicate in reified triples. It is needed because OWL does not allow object properties to be used directly as values in triples unless an individual with the same name has been defined"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#PredictionEvent nco:PredictionEvent rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf nco:Event , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:hasPrediction ; owl:allValuesFrom nco:EventOrSituation ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:hasPrediction ; owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onClass nco:EventOrSituation ] ; rdfs:comment """We impose the constraint that the time of the predicted event has to be after that associated with the prediction event. That is: PredictionEvent(?ev1) & hasPrediction (?ev1 ?ev_or_sit) & :hasTime (?ev1 ?t1) & :hasTime (?ev_or_sit ?t2) --> time:intervalBefore (?t1 ?t2) This constraint is expressed through a property chain specialising time:intervalBefore"""@en ; rdfs:label "Predicted event"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#Situation nco:Situation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf nco:Collection , nco:EventOrSituation , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:characterisedBy ; owl:allValuesFrom nco:Description ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:hasElement ; owl:allValuesFrom nco:Statement ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:hasElement ; owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onClass nco:Statement ] ; rdfs:comment "A Situation is a collection of statements" ; rdfs:label "Situation"@en ; rdfs:seeAlso "dul:Situation"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#Statement nco:Statement rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A member of this class is an individual that reifies a triple."@en ; rdfs:label "Statement"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#Topic nco:Topic rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf skos:Concept , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:topicRoleOf ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:topicRoleOf ; owl:cardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] ; rdfs:comment "A Topic provides the main focus of a news item. A Topic can be an Entity, an Event (or a Collection of Events), a Viewpoint, a Situation or a Categorical Topic"@en ; rdfs:label "Topic"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#UnifyingFactor nco:UnifyingFactor rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Unifying factor"@en . ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#Viewpoint nco:Viewpoint rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf nco:Collection , [ owl:intersectionOf ( [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:hasElement ; owl:allValuesFrom nco:Claim ] [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty nco:hasElement ; owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onClass nco:Claim ] ) ; rdf:type owl:Class ] ; rdfs:comment "As pointed out in (Baden and Springer, 2017), when analysing the news discourse, we are interested in identifying viewpoints that “open up different perspectives” and “construct different meaning”. Hence, here we define a Viewpoint as a collection of claims that subscribe to the same perspective"@en ; rdfs:label "Viewpoint"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#List rdf:List rdf:type owl:Class . ### http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Annotation owl:Annotation rdf:type owl:Class . ################################################################# # Individuals ################################################################# ### http://data.open.ac.uk/ontology/newsclassification#hasTopic nco:hasTopic rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , nco:Predicate . ### http://www.opengis.net/def/uom/ISO-8601/0/Gregorian rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . ### http://www.w3.org/2006/time#Friday time:Friday rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . ### http://www.w3.org/2006/time#Monday time:Monday rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . ### http://www.w3.org/2006/time#Saturday time:Saturday rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . ### http://www.w3.org/2006/time#Sunday time:Sunday rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . ### http://www.w3.org/2006/time#Thursday time:Thursday rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . ### http://www.w3.org/2006/time#Tuesday time:Tuesday rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . ### http://www.w3.org/2006/time#Wednesday time:Wednesday rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . ### http://www.w3.org/2006/time#unitDay time:unitDay rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . ### http://www.w3.org/2006/time#unitHour time:unitHour rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . ### http://www.w3.org/2006/time#unitMinute time:unitMinute rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . ### http://www.w3.org/2006/time#unitMonth time:unitMonth rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . ### http://www.w3.org/2006/time#unitSecond time:unitSecond rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . ### http://www.w3.org/2006/time#unitWeek time:unitWeek rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . ### http://www.w3.org/2006/time#unitYear time:unitYear rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . ################################################################# # Annotations ################################################################# nco:hasTopic rdfs:comment "captures the relation between a news item and a topic, which is the focus of the news item in question"@en . ################################################################# # General axioms ################################################################# [ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( nco:Agent nco:Collection nco:Event nco:NewsItem nco:Statement nco:UnifyingFactor ) ] . ### Generated by the OWL API (version 4.5.26) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi